Pick any number. Count the letters in its name. Repeat. You always end up at four.
Each bubble is a number. Arrows show where it goes when you count its letters. Thicker arrows mean more numbers take that path. Everything ends at 4.
For each number in your range: spell it, count the letters, and see where it lands.
Here's the secret: when you spell out any number, the number of letters is almost always less than the number you started with.
Look at how fast numbers shrink:
So no matter how big you start, after just one or two steps you're down to a small number. And once you're in the small numbers (say, under 20), there are only a few possible paths — and they all lead to 4.
Try setting the range above to something big, like 1 to 1000. You'll see that even a thousand different starting numbers all funnel through the same handful of small numbers on the way down to 4.